If you’re staring at a stained sofa or dusty chair wondering where to begin, you’re not alone. Learning how to clean upholstered furniture can feel overwhelming. One wrong move and you might damage the fabric or set a stain deeper into the upholstery.
We’re here to walk you through every step in plain English. Whether you’re dealing with everyday dust, pet hair, or a stubborn wine stain, our guide will show you how to keep your furniture looking its best—without expensive tools or harsh chemicals.
And if you’re in Los Angeles, California, know that local cleaning expertise is just around the corner.
Understand Your Upholstery: Start With the Cleaning Code
Before you pick up a sponge or spray bottle, identify the upholstery cleaning code. This code tells you how the fabric should be cleaned:
- W: Can be cleaned with water-based cleaners.
- S: Requires solvent-based cleaners only (no water).
- WS: Water-based or solvent cleaners are safe.
- X: Vacuum only. No water or solvent.
You’ll typically find the upholstery codes on the tag under the cushion or the underside of the furniture. If it’s missing, contact the manufacturer for guidance.
Use a Vacuum to Remove Loose Dust and Dirt
Dust and dirt can quickly settle into the fabric fibers. It’s essential to use a vacuum with an upholstery attachment or furniture attachment to gently lift and remove dry debris.
- Use a vacuum cleaner with a crevice tool to reach tight corners and seams.
- Vacuum both sides of each cushion and every visible surface.
- For best results, do this twice a year or more frequently if you have pets or allergies.
Vacuuming helps prevent microscopic allergen buildup like dust mites, pet dander, and bacteria.
Perform a Spot Test Before Applying Any Cleaner
Before using any cleaning agent, always perform a spot test on an inconspicuous area. This ensures you won’t damage the fabric or cause discoloration.
- Choose a hidden part of the furniture, like the back or bottom.
- Apply a small amount of the solution with a damp microfiber cloth.
- Wait until the area is dry to check for damage or fading.
This simple test takes a few minutes but can save your upholstery from disaster.
How to Clean Upholstered Furniture Depending on the Fabric Type
Different fabrics require different type of cleaning agent. Here’s how to clean your upholstered furniture based on the type of upholstery:
For Water-Based Upholstery (Code W or WS)
- Mix 1 cup of warm water with a few drops of liquid dish soap.
- Optional: Add a spoon of baking soda or a teaspoon of white vinegar to help with odors.
- Dip a soft brush or sponge into the solution and wring it out.
- Gently scrub the surface in circular motions.
- Use a clean microfiber cloth dampened with distilled water to wipe off soap residue.
- Blot with a paper towel, then allow it to air dry completely in a well-ventilated room.
For Solvent-Based Upholstery (Code S)
For fabrics labeled with “S”, water can damage the fibers. In this case:
- Use a solvent-based upholstery cleaner sold at most hardware stores.
- Apply the cleaner to a wrung out sponge or dry cloth, not directly on the fabric.
- Blot (don’t rub) stained areas using the solvent.
- Let the area dry naturally. Do not rinse with water.
If your room has poor airflow, consider cleaning in a well-ventilated space or using a steam cleaner with caution.
For Vacuum-Only Upholstery (Code X)
Don’t use any liquids. Vacuum often with a hand vacuum or attachment. Spot cleaning or deep cleaning with water may damage the fabric.
Lift and Remove Stains Without Spreading the Damage
No matter how careful you are, spills can happen. Here’s how to remove stains without making them harder to treat.
General Stain Removal Tips
- Blot the stain immediately with a clean paper towel. Don’t rub, or it may spread deeper into the fabric.
- For food or wine stains, blot with a cloth soaked in plain water, then follow up with a cleaning solution approved for your type of fabric.
- For difficult spots, consider using a carpet cleaner on the lowest setting or hiring a professional.
Cleaning Solution for Common Stains
Try this DIY mixture for general stain removal on water-safe fabrics:
- 1 cup of warm water
- 1 tablespoon white vinegar
- 1 teaspoon liquid dish soap
- Mix in a spray bottle, then lightly mist the stain.
- Blot the area using a microfiber cloth, then rinse with clear water.
- Repeat process until satisfied.
Always let the spot air dry completely.
How to Deep Clean Upholstery Without a Machine
You don’t necessarily need a machine to deep clean your furniture. Here’s the best way to clean deep-set dirt or mildew:
- Vacuum thoroughly, reaching every cushion, crevice, and seam.
- Mix a mild detergent with cool water to make an effective cleaning agent.
- Apply with a sponge or cloth, scrubbing gently.
- Use a damp cloth to remove leftover soap and excess moisture.
- Let it air dry naturally. Placing the furniture in a well-ventilated room speeds up drying time.
If you’re cleaning a couch in the summer months in Los Angeles, California, natural air drying usually happens quickly. Just make sure your piece of upholstery isn’t sitting in direct sunlight for too long, as it can damage the finish.
Special Tips for Pet Owners and Common Challenges
Pets bring joy—and pet hair, odors, and dander. Here’s how to stay on top of upholstery cleaning:
- Use a lint roller or vacuum cleaner with a brush attachment to remove visible pet hair.
- Sprinkle sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) onto cushions and let sit for 15 minutes to absorb odors. Then vacuum it up.
- Address any lingering smells with a solution of white vinegar and water. Lightly spray the fabric and let it air dry.
If urine or other accidents have occurred, it may be wise to consult a professional dry cleaner or consider replacing the cushion or covers.
Don’t Forget the Cushions and Hard-to-Reach Areas
Your cleaning job isn’t complete until the entire piece of furniture is addressed:
- Flip cushions regularly to prevent uneven wear and fading.
- Vacuum between cushions and underneath them.
- Use the furniture attachment on your vacuum for structure edges and backs.
Deep cleaning and maintaining your furniture keeps it in shape and helps reduce allergen buildup inside your home.
When to Call an Expert for Upholstery Cleaning
Some fabrics are too delicate or too valuable to risk DIY cleaning. If the fabric label recommends dry cleaning, don’t risk using water or solvents on your own.
Consider contacting a professional if:
- You don’t know the upholstery cleaning codes
- The stain is complicated or difficult to remove
- The type of upholstery is silk, velvet, or antique
- You need help figuring out the type of cleaning agent to use
Conclusion: Clean Upholstered Furniture Like a Pro
Learning how to clean upholstered furniture doesn’t require professional tools—but it does require some patience and the right approach. By checking your labels, performing a spot test, using the right cleaner, and vacuuming regularly, you’ll keep your furniture looking great all year round.
If you’re unsure about a particular piece of upholstery, don’t hesitate to reach out to a local cleaner right here in Los Angeles. We’re always happy to help you clean your upholstery the right way.
Tried one of the techniques above? Let us know what worked for you—share your story, or follow along for more smart tips to protect your home’s most-used surfaces.